docs(portainer) portainer.md neu
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docs/docker/portainer/portainer.md
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docs/docker/portainer/portainer.md
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# Portainer EE mit Remote-Agent (Hetzner) über SSH-Tunnel
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## Ziel
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Lokaler Portainer EE verwaltet zusätzlich einen entfernten Docker-Host (Hetzner),
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ohne dass der Agent-Port (9001) öffentlich erreichbar ist. Der Key für die EE ist in Bitwarden hinterlegt.
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Die Verbindung erfolgt ausschließlich über einen SSH-Tunnel.
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---
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# Architektur
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## Übersicht
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- Heimserver: Portainer EE
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- Hetzner-Server: Portainer Agent
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- Verbindung: SSH-Tunnel (autossh + systemd)
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- Kein öffentlicher Port 9001
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---
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## ASCII Netzwerk-Skizze
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```
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## Netzwerk- und Tunnel-Architektur
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```
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Internet
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│
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│
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+-------------------+
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| Hetzner VPS |
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|-------------------|
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| Docker Host |
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| Portainer Agent |
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| 0.0.0.0:9001 |
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+---------┬---------+
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│
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│ localhost:9001
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│
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=========================== SSH Tunnel ===========================
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ssh -L 0.0.0.0:9002:localhost:9001 root@hetzner-ip
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====================================================================
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│
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│ 0.0.0.0:9002 (Host)
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│
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+---------┴---------+
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| Heimserver |
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|-------------------|
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| autossh Tunnel |
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| listening on |
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| 0.0.0.0:9002 |
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| Docker Bridge |
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| 172.17.0.1 |
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| Portainer EE |
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| connects to |
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| 172.17.0.1:9002 |
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+-------------------+
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```
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# Funktionsweise
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1. Der Portainer-Agent läuft auf Hetzner und lauscht auf Port 9001.
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2. Dieser Port ist **nicht öffentlich relevant**, da keine direkte Nutzung erfolgt.
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3. Der Heimserver baut per SSH einen Tunnel auf:
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- Lokaler Port 9002 → Hetzner localhost:9001
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4. Portainer EE verbindet sich intern über: 172.17.0.1:9002 (docker bridge)
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5. Der gesamte Traffic läuft verschlüsselt über SSH.
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```
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# 1. Portainer-Agent auf Hetzner
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## docker-compose.yml
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``` yaml
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version: "3.8"
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services:
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portainer_agent:
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image: portainer/agent:2.27.3
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container_name: portainer_agent
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restart: unless-stopped
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ports:
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- "9001:9001"
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volumes:
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- /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
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- /var/lib/docker/volumes:/var/lib/docker/volumes
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```
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Starten: docker compose up -d
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Prüfen: ss -tlnp | grep 9001
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Erwartet: 0.0.0.0:9001
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# 2. SSH-Tunnel automatisieren (Heimserver)
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## autossh installieren
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apt update
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apt install autossh -y
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## systemd Service anlegen
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Datei:
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/etc/systemd/system/portainer-hetzner-tunnel.service
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Inhalt:
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``` ini
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[Unit]
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Description=SSH Tunnel to Hetzner Portainer Agent
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After=network.target
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[Service]
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User=root
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Environment="AUTOSSH_GATETIME=0"
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/autossh \
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-M 0 \
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-N \
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-o "ServerAliveInterval=30" \
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-o "ServerAliveCountMax=3" \
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-o "ExitOnForwardFailure=yes" \
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-o "StrictHostKeyChecking=no" \
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-i /root/.ssh/portainer_tunnel \
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-L 0.0.0.0:9002:localhost:9001 \
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root@65.
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=5
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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## Service aktivieren
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``` snippet
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systemctl daemon-reload
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systemctl enable portainer-hetzner-tunnel
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systemctl start portainer-hetzner-tunnel
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```
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Status prüfen:
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```
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systemctl status portainer-hetzner-tunnel
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```
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Port prüfen:
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```
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ss -tlnp | grep 9002
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```
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Erwartet:
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```
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0.0.0.0:9002
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```
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## 3. Portainer EE konfigurieren
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In der WebUI:
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Environments → Add Environment → Agent
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Adresse: 172.17.0.1:9002
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Hinweis: 172.17.0.1 ist die Docker-Bridge-IP des Hosts
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Portainer läuft im Container
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Der Tunnel läuft auf dem Host
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# Sicherheitsmodell
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- Port 9001 nicht öffentlich erreichbar
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- Kommunikation ausschließlich über SSH
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- SSH-Key-basierte Authentifizierung
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- Automatischer Reconnect via autossh
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- Kein zusätzlicher VPN erforderlich
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# Troubleshooting
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|Problem |Ursache | Prüfen
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|connection refused |Agent nicht auf 9001 gemappt | - ports9001:9001 in der docker-compose
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|SSH channel open failed |Agent lauscht nicht |keys vorhanden?
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|Endpoint unreachable |Tunnel nicht aktiv
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|curl localhost:9001 schlägt fehl |Agent läuft nicht korrekt
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@@ -20,8 +20,11 @@ nav:
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- Architektur: docker/architecture.md
|
- Architektur: docker/architecture.md
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||||||
- Adguardhome: docker/adguardhome/adguardhome.md
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- Adguardhome: docker/adguardhome/adguardhome.md
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- Wikijs: docker/wikijs/wikijs.md
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- Wikijs: docker/wikijs/wikijs.md
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- It-Tools: docker/it-tools/it-tools.md
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- Heimdall: docker/heimdall/heimdall.md
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- Heimdall: docker/heimdall/heimdall.md
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- It-Tools: docker/it-tools/it-tools.md
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- Protainer: docker/portainer/portainer.md
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- Wikijs: docker/wikijs/wikijs.md
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- Backup_Storage:
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- Backup_Storage:
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- Backup: backup/backup.md
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- Backup: backup/backup.md
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